Artificial intelligence and machine learning inventions face heightened scrutiny under Section 3(k) of the Patents Act.
What may be patentable
Technical applications producing a tangible technical effect beyond normal computer interaction—improved hardware utilisation, network efficiency, or diagnostic accuracy—may qualify if claimed properly.
What is difficult
Pure algorithms, business methods, and abstract mathematical models without technical application are generally excluded.
Complementary protection
Use copyright for code, trade secrets for training data and weights where appropriate. Software patent guide